Indian Penal Code for UPSC

 Indian Penal Code 

 

 The Indian Penal Code (IPC) was created in 1860 based on the recommendations of the country's first Law Commission, chaired by Lord Macaulay, established in 1834 as part of the 1833 Charter. Principalities that had their own courts. and legal orders until the 1940s were the only princely states  not covered by the Code when it came into effect on 1 January 1862 under British rule and applied to all of then British India. 

 Importance of Indian Penal Code  

 

 The Indian Penal Code defines what conduct constitutes a crime and what the associated penalties are. This code must be exhaustive of the areas in which it declares law and harmonizes all relevant legislation. This  substantive legislation is known as the Indian Penal Code. The law that defines both criminal and civil offenses and penalties is called substantive law. 

  The law which defines the punishable offenses and their consequences or punishments or both is called the Indian Penal Code. The five types of punishment under this law are death, life imprisonment, general imprisonment, confiscation of property and fine. The Muhammadan Penal Code was used in India before the introduction of the Indian Penal Code and was applicable to both Muslims and Hindus. 

 History of Indian Criminal Law 
 

 The Indian Penal Code  was drafted in 1834 by the first Law Commission headed by Thomas Babington Macaulay and submitted to the Governor General of India  in 1837. It is based on English law, without further details, technical details and regional differences. In addition, Napoleonic law and the  1825 Louisiana Civil Code of Edward Livingston were used as sources.  

 The Indian Penal Code was amended after the first final draft was given to the Governor-General of India in Council in 1837. The statute was completed in 1850 and passed to the legislative council in 1856, but it was not until after the Indian Mutiny of 1857 that it was incorporated in the statutes of British India. Before signing into law on 6 October  1860, Barnes Peacock carefully amended the bill and became the first Chief Justice of the Calcutta High Court. The code went into effect on January 1, 1862. Unfortunately, Macaulay died near the end of 1859, so he did not have time to see  his masterpiece realized. 

 An important part of the Indian Penal Code 
 

 The Indian Penal Code, 1860 has 511 sections in 23 chapters (Sections 1 to 511). The code begins with an introduction, gives examples and quirks used in it, and discusses various crimes. Below is a summary of the important parts of the IPC: 

 

 IPC parts list 

 

 Detail 

 

 Part 1 

 

 Code Name and Scope of Action 

 

 Ward-2 

 

 Punishment for crimes committed in India 

 

 Part 3 

 

 Punishment for crimes committed abroad but punishable by law in India  

 

 Part 4 

 

 Extend the rule to extraterritorial crimes 

 

 Section 8 

 

 sexy 

 

 Section 11 

 

 a person 

 

 Sections 19-26 

 

 "Judge", "Court", "Official", "Itai property", "Illegal gain", "Intentional damage", "You may receive unauthorized, unfair damage", "Dishonestly", "Invited", "Guilty to believe" " 

 

 Section 34 

 

 Actions by several people that promote a common goal 

 

 Section 35 

 

 If such  act is criminal because it is done with criminal knowledge or intent 

 

 Section 36 

 

 Influence is part action and part omission 

 

 Section 37 

 

 Cooperation in committing one of several acts constituting a crime 

 

 Section 38 

 

 Persons involved in crimes may be guilty of various crimes 

 

 Section 39 

 

 "Willingly" 

 

 Section 40 

 

 "violation" 

 

 Section 52 

 

 "Good Faith" 

 

 Section 52A 

 

 "Port" 

 

 Section 53 

 

 Punishment 

 

 Section 73 

 

 A single cell 

 

 Section 74 

 

 Isolation cell limitation 

 

 Sections 76 to 106 

 

 CHAPTER IV (76-106) - General exemptions 

 

 Paragraphs 107-120 

 

 CHAPTER V (107-120) - Help 

 

 Section 120A 

 

 Definition of Criminal Conspiracy 

 

 Section 120B 

 

 Punishment for criminal conspiracy 

 

 Section 121 

 

 Waging or attempting to wage war or inciting war against the Government of India 

 

 Section 124A 

 

 riot 

 

 Section 141 

 

 Unlawful assembly 

 

 Section 142 

 

 Being a member of an unlawful assembly 

 

 Section 143 

 

 Punishment 

 

 Section 144 

 

 Joining an unlawful assembly armed with a deadly weapon 

 

 Section 145 

 

 Joining or continuing an unlawful assembly knowing that it has been ordered to dissolve 

 

 Section 146 

 

 Rebellion 

 

 Section 147 

 

 Punishment for rioting 

 

 Section 148 

 

 Rebellion, armed with deadly weapons 

 

 Section 149 

 

 Any member of an unlawful association who, by reason of prosecution, commits a crime against a common object 

 

 Section 159 

 

 Afira (6 Differences between Rioting and Affray) 

 

 Section 179 

 

 Refusing to answer a public servant authorized to question 

 

 Section 182 

 

 False information, with intent to cause a public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person 

 

 Section 191 

 

 Giving false evidence 

 

 Section 268 

 

 Public nuisance 

 

 Section 292 

 

 Sale, etc. of obscene books, etc 

 

 Section 293 

 

 Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young people 

 

 Section 294 

 

 Obscene acts and songs 

 

 Section 295 

 

 Injuring or defiling a place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class 

 

 Section 295A 

 

 Deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs 

 

 Section 296 

 

 Disturbing religious assembly 

 

 Section 299 

 

 Culpable homicide to Section 309 – Attempt to commit suicide 

 

 Section 319 – Hurt to Section 338 

 

 Causing grievous hurt by act endangering the life or personal safety of others 

 

 Section 339 

 

 Wrongful restraint 

 

 Section 340 

 

 Wrongful confinement 

 

 Section 349 

 

 Force 

 

 Section 350 

 

 Criminal force 

 

 Section 351 

 

 Assault 

 

 Section 354 

 

 Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty 

 

 Section 354A 

 

 Sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment 

 

 Section 354B 

 

 Assault or use of criminal force on a woman with intent to disrobe 

 

 Section 354C 

 

 Voyeurism 

 

 Section 354D 

 

 Stalking 

 

 Section 359 

 

 Kidnapping 

 

 Section 360 

 

 Kidnapping from India 

 

 Section 361 

 

 Kidnapping from lawful guardianship 

 

 Section 362 

 

 Abduction 

 

 Section 375 

 

 Rape 

 

 Section 376 

 

 Punishment for rape 

 

 Section 376D 

 

 Gang rape 

 

 Section 376DA 

 

 Punishment for gang rape on women under sixteen years of age 

 

 Section 376DB 

 

 Punishment for gang rape on women under twelve years of age 

 

 Section 376E 

 

 Punishment for repeat offenders 

 

 Section 377 

 

 Unnatural offenses 

 

 Section 378 

 

 Theft 

 

 Section 383 

 

 Extortion 

 

 Section 390 

 

 Robbery 

 

 Section 391 

 

 Dacoity 

 

 Section 396 

 

 Dacoity with murder 

 

 Section 399 

 

 Making preparation to commit dacoity 

 

 Section 403 

 

 Dishonest misappropriation of property 

 

 Section 405 

 

 Criminal breach of trust 

 

 Section 410 

 

 Stolen Property 

 

 Section 413 

 

 Habitually dealing in stolen property 

 

 Section 414 

 

 Assisting in the concealment of stolen property 

 

 Section 415 

 

 Cheating 

 

 Section 420 

 

 Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property 

 

 Section 425 

 

 Mischief 

 

 Section 441 

 

 Criminal Trespass to Section 446 – House-breaking by night 

 

 Section 493 

 

 Cohabitation brought on by a man tricking someone into thinking they are legally married 

 

 Section 494 

 

 Marrying again during the lifetime of husband or wife 

 

 Section 495 

 

 The same crime as hiding a previous marriage from a partner with whom you later get married 

 

 Section 496 

 

 Without a valid marriage licence, a false wedding ceremony was conducted. 

  Section 497 

 

 Adultery 

 

 Section 498 

 

 Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman 

 

 Section 498A 

 

 Cruelty by husband

These all are very important for UPSC exam.