What is equality for UPSC PSIR

 Equality:

                            OF all the basic concept of social, economic and moral philosophy none is more confusing and debatable than the concept of equality because it is connected with all other concepts like the justice, Liberty, Rights, Properties there is also debate equality is the value as well as fundamental of system which is essentially modern and progressive.

Modern politics and modern political situation are consistently remain subject to social pressure to expand a opportunity equally irrespective of ethnicity, sexual identity, age, race or a birth.

Equality is modern value in that universe the district citizenship has become control feature of all political ideology in modern industrial democracy.

 Equality can be seen the multiple first part to in a general formal equality and substantive equality are two broader division formal equality treats everyone equal irrespective of any identity but substantive equality demand equals should be treated equally and unequal should be treated unequally.

Scholar like LASKI that equality means-

1. Absence of special privileges it means that the will of one is equal to will of any other it means equality of the right.

2. The adequate opportunity are lead open to all.

3. All must have access to social benefit and no one should be restricted on any grounds.

    The inequalities by birth are because of parentage, hereditary causes are unreasonable.

4. Absence of economic and social exploitation.

Barkar writes that the idea of equality is the derivative value-

Derivatives from the supreme value of a development of personality in each alike and equally but in each along with own different line and of its own separate motion.

Brayan Turner in his book "Equality" has given comprehensive meaning of equality relevant to contemporary world according to him the concept of equality should include the followings -

FUNDAMENTAL EQUALITY OF PERSON.

EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY.

EQUALITY OF CONDITIONS WHERE THERE IS ATTEMPT TO MAKE THE CONDITION OF LIFE EQUAL.

EQUALITY OF OUTCOME OF A RESULT.

Substantive equality has been seen from the perspective of distributive equality from a perspective of distributive equality it was seen and explained it perspective of liberalism, utilitarianism Marxism, socialism and communitarianism event.